松树沟蛇绿岩中橄榄石位错构造及其流变学意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

董云鹏  周鼎武  刘良 《岩石矿物学杂志》1996,15(1):46-52

在对东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩的变质橄榄岩进行详细构造解析和显微构造研究的基础上，本文运用透射电子显微镜法着对橄榄石位错构造进行了研究。  相似文献   

Partial Crystallization of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts in the Crust and Mantle   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

HERZBERG  CLAUDE 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(12):2389-2405

Pressures at which partial crystallization occurs for mid-oceanridge basalts (MORB) have been examined by a new petrologicalmethod that is based on a parameterization of experimental datain the form of projections. Application to a global MORB glassdatabase shows that partial crystallization of olivine + plagioclase+ augite ranges from 1 atm to 1·0 GPa, in good agreementwith previous determinations, and that there are regional variationsthat generally correlate with spreading rate. MORB from fast-spreadingcenters display partial crystallization in the crust at ridgesegment centers and in both mantle and crust at ridge terminations.Fracture zones are likely to be regions where magma chambersare absent and where there is enhanced conductive cooling ofthe lithosphere at depth. MORB from slow-spreading centers displayprominent partial crystallization in the mantle, consistentwith models of enhanced conductive cooling of the lithosphereand the greater abundance of fracture zones through which theypass. In general, magmas that move through cold mantle experiencesome partial crystallization, whereas magmas that pass throughhot mantle may be comparatively unaffected. Estimated pressuresof partial crystallization indicate that the top of the partialmelting region is deeper than about 20–35 km below slow-spreadingcenters and some ridge segment terminations at fast-spreadingcenters. KEY WORDS: MORB; olivine gabbro; partial crystallization; partial melting; ridge segmentation; fracture zones; crust; mantle; lithosphere  相似文献   

Morphology and composition of spinel in Pu’u ’O’o lava (1996–1998), Kilauea volcano, Hawaii     

P. L. Roeder  C. Thornber  A. Poustovetov  A. Grant 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):245-265

The morphology and composition of spinel in rapidly quenched Pu’u ’O’o vent and lava tube samples are described. These samples contain glass, olivine phenocrysts (3–5 vol.%) and microphenocrysts of spinel (0.05 vol.%). The spinel surrounded by glass occurs as idiomorphic octahedra 5–50 μm in diameter and as chains of octahedra that are oriented with respect to each other. Spinel enclosed by olivine phenocrysts is sometimes rounded and does not generally form chains. The temperature before quenching was calculated from the MgO content of the glass and ranges from 1150°C to 1180°C. The oxygen fugacity before quenching was calculated by two independent methods and the log f_O2 ranged from −9.2 to −9.9 (delta QFM=−1). The spinel in the Pu’u ’O’o samples has a narrow range in composition with Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.61 to 0.73 and Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg)=0.46 to 0.56. The lower the calculated temperature for the samples, the higher the average Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg), Fe³⁺ and Ti in the spinel. Most zoned spinel crystals decrease in Cr/(Cr+Al) from core to rim and, in the chains, the Cr/(Cr+Al) is greater in the core of larger crystals than in the core of smaller crystals. The occurrence of chains and hopper crystals and the presence of Cr/(Cr+Al) zoning from core to rim of the spinel suggest diffusion-controlled growth of the crystals. Some of the spinel crystals may have grown rapidly under the turbulent conditions of the summit reservoir and in the flowing lava, and the crystals may have remained in suspension for a considerable period. The rapid growth may have caused very local (μm) gradients of Cr in the melt ahead of the spinel crystal faces. The crystals seem to have retained the Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio that developed during the original growth of the crystal, but the Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg) ratio may have equilibrated fairly rapidly with the changing melt composition due to olivine crystallization. Six of the samples were collected on the same day at various locations along a 10-km lava tube and the calculated pre-collection temperatures of the samples show a 5°C drop with distance from the vent. The average Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg) of the spinel in these samples shows a weak positive correlation with decreasing MgO in the glass of these samples. The range in Cr₂O₃ (0.041–0.045 wt.%) of the glass for these six samples is too small to distinguish a consistent change along the lava tube. The spinel in the Pu’u ’O’o samples shows a zoning trend in a Cr–Al–Fe³⁺ diagram almost directly away from the Cr apex. This compares with a zoning trend in rapidly quenched MORB samples away from Cr coupled with decreasing Fe³⁺. The trend away from Cr displayed by spinel in rapidly quenched samples is in marked contrast to the trend of increasing Fe³⁺ shown by spinel in slowly cooled lava.  相似文献   

The structure and sharpness of (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ phase transformations in the transition zone     

Daniel J. Frost 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):313-328

To calculate accurately the pressure interval and mineral proportions (i.e. yields) across the olivine to wadsleyite and wadsleyite to ringwoodite transformations requires a detailed knowledge of the non-ideality of Fe-Mg mixing in these (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ solid solutions. In order to constrain the activity-composition relations that describe non-ideal mixing, Fe-Mg partitioning experiments have been conducted between magnesiowüstite and (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite as a function of pressure at 1400°C. Using known activity-composition relations for magnesiowüstite the corresponding relations for the three polymorphs were determined from the partitioning data. In all experiments the presence of metallic iron ensured redox conditions compatible with the Earth’s transition zone. The non-ideality of the (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ solid solutions was found to decrease in the order W^wadsleyite_FeMg>W^ringwoodite_FeMg>W^olivine_FeMg. These partitioning data were used, along with published phase equilibria measurements for the Mg₂SiO₄ and Fe₂SiO₄ end-member transformations, to produce an internally consistent thermodynamic model for the Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ system at 1400°C. Using this model the pressure interval of the olivine to wadsleyite transformation is calculated to be significantly smaller than previous determinations. By combining these results with Fe-Mg partitioning data for garnet, the widths of transition zone phase transformations in a peridotite composition were calculated. The olivine to wadsleyite transformation at 1400°C in dry peridotite was found to occur over a pressure interval equivalent to approximately 6 km depth and the mineral yields were found to vary almost linearly with depth across the transformation. This transformation is likely to be even sharper at higher temperatures or could be significantly broader in wet mantle or in regions with a significant vertical component of mantle flow. The entire range of estimated widths for the 410 km discontinuity (4-35 km) could, therefore, be explained by the olivine to wadsleyite transformation in a peridotite composition over a range of quite plausible mantle temperatures and H₂O contents. The wadsleyite to ringwoodite transformation in peridotite mantle was calculated to take place over an interval of 20 km at 1400°C. This transformation yield was also found to be near linear.  相似文献   

硫化物熔离对岩浆硫化物含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响——以金川岩体为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李士彬  胡瑞忠  宋谢炎  陈烈锰  沈能平 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(2)

为探讨硫化物熔离对含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响,在前人橄榄石结晶硫化物熔离模型的基础上,定量模似计算了分离结晶过程中橄榄石Ni含量,并将其应用于金川橄榄石成园研究。研究表明,部分橄榄石落于无硫化物熔离橄榄石结晶趋势线下方,暗示其母岩浆为S饱和。根据模拟计算S饱和母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶趋势线,指出金川深部岩浆房中母岩浆橄榄石的分离结晶程度小于或等于3％,而由橄榄石结晶所导致熔离的硫化物熔体与橄榄石之间质量比约为40。  相似文献   

辽宁翁泉沟橄榄玄武岩的地质地球化学特征及其形成环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王翠芝  肖荣阁  刘敬党 《地球学报》2008,29(5):542-552

辽宁凤城翁泉沟橄榄玄武岩是翁泉沟硼镁铁矿的一种容矿岩石,它具裂谷环境下火山岩的特征:①带状分布,整合于早元古代的火山—沉积地层中,具气孔杏仁构造;②主量元素具富铁富镁的特点;微量元素中B、Cl、F、Rb、Cs、Th和U等含量较高;V,Cr,Ni等相对低些;高场强微量元素含量与相关比值与一般基性岩相似;Ti、Zr、Cr、Y等微量元素相互关系图解显示其原始岩浆具有板内玄武岩的特点;稀土分配型式明显向右倾斜,基本不显铈、铕异常,显示岩浆没有经过明显的分离结晶过程;③本区的橄榄玄武岩与同一硼矿成带上的营口大石桥后仙峪的镁橄榄岩和宽甸地区砖庙的镁质大理岩属于同一地层层位,都具富镁特征,都是辽东硼矿的镁质容矿岩石,它们在成因上具有内在联系,其稀土总量对比,显示它们同属大陆裂谷环境下岩浆活动的产物。  相似文献   

Allende(CV3)陨石中一种特殊蠕虫状橄榄石集合体的矿物岩石学特征及其成因探讨     

戴德求  林杨挺  缪秉魁  王道德 《矿物岩石》2007,27(1):71-77

在通过对Allende(CV3)碳质球粒陨石的4个光薄片中发现的5个特殊蠕虫状橄榄石集合体(AOA)的岩石学和矿物化学特征研究,证实它们的矿物组合以富橄榄石和霞石为特征,可见少量的金属硫化物。橄榄石颗粒Fa(Fe/(Fe Mg)原子百分比)值范围在34.1 mol%～42.2 mol%,百分标准平均方差(PMD)值为6.1,表明这些颗粒达到了一定的热力学平衡。AOA可能属于星云直接凝聚形成,AOA和细粒CAI(FTA和富尖晶石-辉石型CAI)可能代表了太阳星云从高温到低温连续凝聚的产物。认为AOA的蚀变作用发生在太阳星云中,霞石和铁橄榄石可能是后期水化蚀变的产物,霞石可能替代了AOA中原始的矿物——钙长石和黄长石等。AOA可能在星云中还经历了热蚀变作用的过程,橄榄石和霞石颗粒均具有高的FeO质量分数(29.1%～34.4%,4.04%～9.70%),表明蚀变反应发生在高逸氧度的星云环境下。  相似文献   

古特提斯多岛洋洋-陆俯冲:木孜塔格蛇绿岩的矿物学证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

兰朝利  李继亮  何顺利 《地球科学》2007,32(3)

前期研究认识到新疆东昆仑木孜塔格蛇绿岩形成在俯冲带环境.为了进一步研究该俯冲带的类型,对新疆东昆仑木孜塔格蛇绿岩变质橄榄岩的岩石学和矿物学特征进行了分析.薄片观察发现变质橄榄岩的橄榄石以变质残余、变质重结晶和斜方辉石熔融结晶3种结构存在,但探针分析发现它们具有稳定且低Fo值(87.8～89.5);斜方辉石发育变质残余和熔融残余结构,En较低(88～90),Al2O3含量变化大(2.90%～5.13%);尖晶石为他形-半自形结构,其Cr#(=Cr/(Cr Al))集中分布在0.508~0.723和0.100~0.118两个范围内.根据这些来自岩石学和矿物学的证据,并结合该蛇绿岩的构造背景与时代,认识到该蛇绿岩形成在大洋向具有厚陆壳的大陆弧俯冲的俯冲带环境,为新疆东昆仑地区古特提斯多岛洋洋-陆俯冲的结果.  相似文献   

烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石风化作用的试验研究     

姚敏杰  连宾 《地质学报》2011,85(9)

含镁硅酸盐矿物是重要自然资源,国内外大都采用传统的化学方法进行开发利用,而微生物法释放含镁硅酸盐矿物中镁和硅的研究还未见报道。试验采用摇瓶培养与对照结合的方法研究烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)对含镁硅酸盐矿物——蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用。试验采用ICP-OES测定第5、10、20、30 d培养液滤液中Mg2+和Si的含量,同时对相应试样的pH值和代谢产物进行分析测定,采用SEM和TEM观察作用后的微生物-矿物聚集体。结果表明,烟曲霉作用蛇纹石和橄榄石试样滤液中的Mg2+和Si含量变化不仅与烟曲霉生长状况有关,而且与矿物的晶体结构相关,蛇纹石较橄榄石更易被烟曲霉风化;另外烟曲霉在生长过程中产生的酸性代谢产物有助于对矿物的风化;SEM和TEM观察结果直观地显示出烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用痕迹。综合分析认为,烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用应该是酸溶作用、菌丝对矿物的穿插包裹和菌丝体对养分的吸收等方式协同作用的综合效果。研究结果为探讨真菌与矿物相互作用的过程与机理以及为微生物法开发蛇纹石和橄榄石矿产资源提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的指示意义     

汤艳杰  张宏福  英基丰  杨蔚  赵新苗  苏本勋  肖燕 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(1):24-33

橄榄石是地幔橄榄岩和辉石岩的主要组成矿物,但也经常以斑晶和捕虏晶的形式出现在玄武质岩石中。结合近年来在地幔橄榄岩的主要元素（如Mg和Fe）组成特征以及Li、Mg和Fe稳定同位素地球化学方面的研究成果,重点对橄榄石的地球化学特征与华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程之间的联系进行了讨论,旨在加深对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程的理解。现有研究表明：地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的矿物学特征、元素和同位素地球化学组成能够很好地指示岩石圈地幔的特征及其演化过程,因而具有重要的意义。对于克拉通地区的地幔橄榄岩来说,橄榄石的Mg#通常可以指示岩石圈地幔的属性,古老、难熔的地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石一般具有较高的Mg#（〉92）,而新生的岩石圈地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石则具有较低的Mg#（〈91）。因此,地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg#在一定程度上具有年龄意义。橄榄岩中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成也可以明确指示岩石圈地幔的属性及其所经历的演化过程,正常地幔的δ7Li、δ26Mg和δ57Fe组成相对均一,如果上述同位素组成偏离正常地幔值,则说明岩石圈地幔经历了熔体/流体的交代作用。华北克拉通地区地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成研究表明：该区的岩石圈地幔经历了多个阶段、不同来源的熔体/流体的改造过程。  相似文献